A Country to Explore | 
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Prime Minister John A. McDonald fervently wanted a railroad to cross Canada in its entirety.  | 
          Parliament fading into a picture of Prime Minister John A. McDonald  | 
        
There was already an Intercolonial Railway linking the Maritimes to Eastern Canada.  | 
          Map of the Intercolonial Railway  | 
        
Now, the country needed a railway that would link the entire country to British Columbia.  | 
          Map of Canada to show the extent of work to be done.  | 
        
He asked Sandford Fleming to survey the rest of Canada to find the best path to link the entire country from coast to coast, as he had with the Intercolonial.  | 
          The Prime Minister writing a letter to Sandford Fleming.  | 
        
Send a telegram to Sandford Fleming!  | 
          The Prime Minister handing a letter to another personage.  | 
        
A hand on the telegraph.  | 
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At the Fleming residence, Sandford Fleming was terribly busy.  | 
          The house seen from outdoors.  | 
        
I am sorry to disturb you, Mr. Fleming, but a telegram has arrived for you.  | 
          A view of the house indoors and a room full of plans and specifications, etc.  | 
        
A closed door and a hand knocking on the door. A man, seen from behind, holding a telegram.  | 
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Darn and darn again! It’s always when I’m terribly busy.  | 
          Sandford Fleming in the bath washing his back.  | 
        
Sandford Fleming reading the telegram.  | 
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Hurry! To the Prime Minister’s office!  | 
          Sandford Fleming getting up.  | 
        
Survey Canada… What an experience, he said to himself. But where to start? The country is so vast.  | 
          Fleming in a carriage. He is in deep thought. His eyes are closed. He is seeing the immense expanse of the country (map and countryside).  | 
        
In the summer of 1872, Fleming left on a reconnaissance mission with his son, Frank Andrew, the reverend George Monro Grant, Doctor Moren, botanist John Macoun and Amerindian guides.  | 
          The group posing for a photographer with a flash. We see the resulting photo.  | 
        
On foot, on horseback, by canoe, Fleming and his followers roamed the territory for three months  | 
          The map of Canada with traces of footsteps and the appearance of horses and canoes.  | 
        
observing it to prepare the best proposals for the railway passage to link Ontario to British Columbia.  | 
          Panoramic view of the territory with Fleming deep in thought.  | 
        
During their foray, they took note of everything: countryside, farming opportunities and settlement possibilities, wildlife and plant life indigenous to the different regions, natural resources that might stimulate economic development, etc.  | 
          Men taking notes.  | 
        
More than 800 men divided into 21 teams were needed to take measurements and inventory the natural surroundings including rivers, mountains, plains, etc.  | 
          Map of Canada indicating rivers, mountains and prairies.  | 
        
The work of the surveyor during this era was far from simple. Dozens of men were required per team, some attached to chains of specific lengths to calculate exact measurements.  | 
          A man walking in the prairies with a chain around his ankle and a close-up of the chain.  | 
        
Sandford Fleming submitted a territory inspection report and recommended using the Yellowhead Pass to cross the Rocky Mountains.  | 
          Sandford Fleming handing a document to the President of the Canadian Pacific seated behind his desk.  | 
        
The Canadian Pacific Railway rejected his proposal.  | 
          A hand tossing the paper into a wastepaper basket.  | 
        
In 1883, with construction languishing at the foot of the Selkirk Mountains, the Canadian Pacific Railway asked Fleming for a new route south of his original plan.  | 
          A hand on a map showing the direction to follow.  | 
        
This time, the engineer recommended Kicking Horse Pass. In 1885, the last spike was driven at Craighellachie, British Columbia.  | 
          A personage driving in the last spike, accompanied by Sandford Fleming amid flashing flash bulbs.  | 
        
Great! Now, what shall we do?  | 
          Close-up of Fleming scratching his head.  | 
        
Credits  | 
          Producer: Luc Bienvenue Realization and Scenario: Pierre Hamon Drawings: Annie Gosselin Animation: Annie Gosselin and Luc Bienvenue French Narration: François Bienvenue English Narration: Randall Spear Sound Studio: Kanu Music and Sound Effects: Kanu Musicians: Kanu and André Lachance Editing and Audio Mixing: Pierre Hamon Language Review: Julie Berthold Translation: Janet Brownlee A Sage-Animation.ca Production  |